Science of the Mangosteen & Role of Inflammation on Chronic Disease
By Les Berenson M.D., F.A.C.P. (Revised 5-07)
Mangosteen fruit is an extremely powerful NATURAL
Anti-inflammatory & has over 40 different anti-oxidants.
• Are you one of the tens of millions of people in the U.S. with chronic pain and wondering what to do?
• Are you aware of many diseases where Inflammation is now felt to be a central component:
Cancer: Inflammation increases the spread of abnormal cells & inflammation
Provides the fuel to facilitates their transformation into cancer cells.
Heart disease: Inflammation is a major cause of heart attacks and strokes.
Alzheimer’s: Inflammation chews up nerve cells.
Diabetes: Inflammation promotes insulin resistance keeping insulin from functioning.
Allergies & Asthma: Chronic Inflammation is related to Allergies & Asthma in the lungs
Arthritis & Auto- Immune Diseases: Inflammation affects the joints and other tissues
Mangosteen contains over FORTY (40) different “Xanthones”, a POWERFUL new class of anti – oxidants, as well as the same Catechins found in Green Tea!
Unlike other anti-oxidants, Mangosteen juice has MULTIPLE potential health benefits because of the 40+ Xanthones each having different properties!
• Cardioprotective • Anti – Tumor (cancer) • Anti – Alzheimer’s
• Anti – Depressant • Anti – Bacterial & Viral • Anti – Fungal & TB
• Anti–Arthritic & Osteoporotic • Supports body to reduce pain • Anti - Aging
There is over 100 years of scientific research on the power of these xanthones.
* Dr. James Duke, who retired in 1995, is one of America's foremost ethnobotanists.
He worked for 35 years for the USDA and the University of Maryland. One of his major accomplishments is a remarkable phytochemical & botanical database, which is now on the Internet. This list identifies 138 separate qualities for Mangosteen based on research.
Pharmaceutical drugs cause 350,000 drug related deaths per year just from the side effects! This is equivalent to ONE jumbo jet-crashing DAILY. Xanthones SLOW DOWN the free radical destruction of our body’s 10 Trillion cells with NO known side effects.
The traditional approach to treating inflammation and pain is with anti-inflammatory drugs
(such as Ibuprofen and Naprosyn) and with “Cox 2 Inhibitors” (such as Vioxx and Celebrex),
leading them to be taken off the market. These man-made drugs have SERIOUS side effects
including ulcers, bleeding problems and the increase in heart attacks with the “man made”
Cox 2 inhibitors.
Mangosteen juice has been shown in scientific studies to be a NATURAL COX 2 INHIBITOR and a powerful NATURAL Anti–Inflammatory, without side effects.
Besides curcumin, Mangosteen juice is the only natural COX 2 inhibitor on the market.
A toxicity study was done on rats using the original Mangosteen juice
(equivalent of 5 bottles/day). Outcome: healthy, happy rats.
More than 50 million people are estimated to take aspirin as an anti inflammatory
for its cardio-protective effects. The major risk of anti - inflammatory drugs
(including aspirin) is the risk of bleeding. In a prospective evaluation of 18,820
hospitalized patients, 1225 were admitted because of adverse drug reactions.
Low dose aspirin was identified as one of the most common causes of adverse drug
reactions, with 18% of the hospitalizations & 61% of the fatalities were associated
with aspirin. In the Woman’s Health initiative, even a 100 mg. aspirin on alternate
days was associated with increased risk of GI bleeding compared to placebo.
Why take a supplement "if you feel healthy" or if your other symptoms don’t go away?
Dr. Robert Stone describes (CD) “Keys to the Disease - Mangosteen Live”,
The 4 stages of disease:
He worked for 35 years for the USDA and the University of Maryland. One of his major accomplishments is a remarkable phytochemical & botanical database, which is now on the Internet. This list identifies 138 separate qualities for Mangosteen based on research.
Pharmaceutical drugs cause 350,000 drug related deaths per year just from the side effects! This is equivalent to ONE jumbo jet-crashing DAILY. Xanthones SLOW DOWN the free radical destruction of our body’s 10 Trillion cells with NO known side effects.
The traditional approach to treating inflammation and pain is with anti-inflammatory drugs
(such as Ibuprofen and Naprosyn) and with “Cox 2 Inhibitors” (such as Vioxx and Celebrex),
leading them to be taken off the market. These man-made drugs have SERIOUS side effects
including ulcers, bleeding problems and the increase in heart attacks with the “man made”
Cox 2 inhibitors.
Mangosteen juice has been shown in scientific studies to be a NATURAL COX 2 INHIBITOR and a powerful NATURAL Anti–Inflammatory, without side effects.
Besides curcumin, Mangosteen juice is the only natural COX 2 inhibitor on the market.
A toxicity study was done on rats using the original Mangosteen juice
(equivalent of 5 bottles/day). Outcome: healthy, happy rats.
More than 50 million people are estimated to take aspirin as an anti inflammatory
for its cardio-protective effects. The major risk of anti - inflammatory drugs
(including aspirin) is the risk of bleeding. In a prospective evaluation of 18,820
hospitalized patients, 1225 were admitted because of adverse drug reactions.
Low dose aspirin was identified as one of the most common causes of adverse drug
reactions, with 18% of the hospitalizations & 61% of the fatalities were associated
with aspirin. In the Woman’s Health initiative, even a 100 mg. aspirin on alternate
days was associated with increased risk of GI bleeding compared to placebo.
Why take a supplement "if you feel healthy" or if your other symptoms don’t go away?
Dr. Robert Stone describes (CD) “Keys to the Disease - Mangosteen Live”,
The 4 stages of disease:
Phase 1 -disease is present but can’t be diagnosed (heart dis. has been seen by age 3 in autopsies)
Phase 2 -disease/physiological abnormalities can be diagnosed if looked for, but NO symptoms exist.
Phase 3 - symptoms finally occur. This is when most people finally seek medical attention.
Phase 4 - the disease progresses, and may be fatal.
Are you starting to see that as diseases develop, the symptoms may be nonexistent or silent for many years.
This provides a golden opportunity for you to intervene and potentially prevent or
even reverse the disease from progressing.
Free Radical Damage -- free radicals are unstable molecules which steal an electron from other
normal healthy cells to attempt to become normal. Free radicals attack healthy cells throughout
the body (a silent process) all day and night long, damaging organs other cells and even the DNA.
Inflammation is the key component of the immune system's defenses. We can't live with it or
without it. Persistent repeated insults like eating unhealthy foods, smoking cigarettes, excess
cholesterol, etc. produces chronic inflammation that smolders like a low flame on the back of the
stove until the pot burns.
Free radical damage & inflammation interact together in a vicious cycle leading to many diseases.
Let’s look at a few major causes if disease and death.
A) ANTI – INFLAMMATORIES AND CANCER:
(3) There is a direct connection with certain cancers to inflammation...
Lisa Coussens, a cancer biologist at UCSF, notes people with chronic Inflammatory Bowel
Diseases, have tremendously increased risk of colon cancer. Other tumor inducing inflammation
includes cigarette smoke in the lungs, persistent infections like Hepatitis C in the liver and
chronic heartburn from reflux esophogitis.
By keeping inflammation down, women can decrease their risk of breast cancer.
72,242 women (age 50 - 79) took Anti inflammatories ONLY TWICE / week, reducing their risk
of Breast cancer 21-28% over 5-9 year period. (Low dose Aspirin & Tylenol gave NO protection).
Anti-inflammatories more than 2X / week led to potential side effects.
It has not been shown scientifically but if taking an anti-inflammatory twice per week
could reduce women’s risk of breast cancer, what could possibly happen
if women took a natural anti-inflammatory twice a day not twice a week?
B) RELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATION TO HEART DISEASE & STROKES :
In the U.S. each year, there are 700,000 NEW heart attacks,
500,000 recurrent attacks & 175,000 silent 1st heart attacks and strokes.
Half the people with heart attacks have NORMAL cholesterol levels.
Many of the “plaques” that clog arteries are not large and actually quite small and burst, which
triggers massive clots, that cut off the blood supply to the arteries of the heart.
Inflammation is responsible for bursting these plaques.
Heart disease -- Inflammation is a cornerstone behind heart disease and strokes. A few years
ago, most regarded heart disease as an accumulation of cholesterol deposits on the walls of the
coronary arteries. We now know that these cholesterol deposits trigger free radical damage leading
to chronic inflammation at the site of these arterial blockages.
As the chronic inflammation builds these plaques push the walls of the artery outward, and
eventually these plaques become unstable and potentially rupturing, leading to a clot
producing a heart attack (in the heart) or a stroke (in the brain), or sudden death.
Inflammation may be a bigger risk of heart attack or stroke
than smoking or high cholesterol, according to many researchers.
(2) Dr. Peter Libby -- Chief of Cardiology at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, notes
that the ruptured plaques, not clogged arteries are the cause of 70% of all heart attacks.
This means that by the time you see the first narrowing in the artery, the chronic
inflammation and disease is everywhere. This explains why patients keep coming back with
repeat heart attacks and other problems after they've been treated.
CRP (C - reactive protein) a simple blood test, measures the index of inflammation in
the arteries and as inflammation increases, the CRP increases. (Normal CRP = .2).
Middle age men with CRP >3, were 3X more likely to suffer a heart attack in the next
6 years, than men with normal levels. Experts say that a CRP of 3.0 mg/L or higher,
triples your heart attack risk. People with CRP < 0.5 mg/L rarely have heart attacks.
Dr. Steve Nissen -- chairman of Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic, points out that you can
bypass the arteries, but if you don't stop the disease from progressing, the plaque will
continue to build up elsewhere over time. One must stop the inflammation.
He further reports that the same drugs that we use to lower CRP are the same statin drugs
we used to lower cholesterol. He points out that we thought the statin drugs were just
lowering cholesterol, but we now know that the more you lower the CRP, the more you
reduce inflammation and the lower risk of death, heart attack and stroke. Dr. Libby
points out that we have transition from being plumbers to becoming better biologist, which
opens up a window on the future in terms of prevention and care.
Vaughn Johnson D.O. a family physician in SLC, UT. Did a simple study of 47 patients
with elevated C- Reactive Protein. He placed them on 2 oz. once / day of the ORIGINAL
Mangosteen juice. Not other interventions or changes were made.
1 month later 39 patientsreturned (8 didn’t). EACH patient’s elevated CRP decreased, many to normal levels!
The following table lists typical results.
Sample # Initial 30 Days
1 55.0 2.7
2 26.0 1.3
3 12.6 1.8
4 8.4 2.2
5 6.8 1.1
Comments: The above 5 samples were selected because after of the test month all of
these individuals stopped taking Original Mangosteen & took other Mangosteen products.
All five returned to their initial high risk CRP levels after using the other Mangosteen
products usually containing extracts. Dr. Johnson then put each of these patients back on
Original Mangosteen juice and all of the CRP numbers came back down.
Dr. Johnson concluded that all mangosteen supplements are not created equal.
White Blood Count (WBC) – (a routine blood test) when elevated is also linked
to increased inflammation in the arteries resulting in a higher risk of heart disease.
In the Women’s Health Initiative with over 72 thousand postmenopausal women ages 50 – 79,
the highest WBC counts correlated with a 40% higher risk of heart attack, 46% greater
risk of stroke, and 50% risk of death over the 6 year study. Women may be more at risk
than men. Women over age 50 have a 50% risk of dying from heart disease.
Most people - have inflammation in their arteries!
Because there are no symptoms such as pain, we’re not prompted
to do anything about this “silent disease”. Medical personnel often don’t check
preventively and wait until you come in with a heart attack or stroke.
Consider having a CRP blood test drawn BEFORE starting on Mangosteen juice (MJ).
(3) There is a direct connection with certain cancers to inflammation...
Lisa Coussens, a cancer biologist at UCSF, notes people with chronic Inflammatory Bowel
Diseases, have tremendously increased risk of colon cancer. Other tumor inducing inflammation
includes cigarette smoke in the lungs, persistent infections like Hepatitis C in the liver and
chronic heartburn from reflux esophogitis.
By keeping inflammation down, women can decrease their risk of breast cancer.
72,242 women (age 50 - 79) took Anti inflammatories ONLY TWICE / week, reducing their risk
of Breast cancer 21-28% over 5-9 year period. (Low dose Aspirin & Tylenol gave NO protection).
Anti-inflammatories more than 2X / week led to potential side effects.
It has not been shown scientifically but if taking an anti-inflammatory twice per week
could reduce women’s risk of breast cancer, what could possibly happen
if women took a natural anti-inflammatory twice a day not twice a week?
B) RELATIONSHIP OF INFLAMMATION TO HEART DISEASE & STROKES :
In the U.S. each year, there are 700,000 NEW heart attacks,
500,000 recurrent attacks & 175,000 silent 1st heart attacks and strokes.
Half the people with heart attacks have NORMAL cholesterol levels.
Many of the “plaques” that clog arteries are not large and actually quite small and burst, which
triggers massive clots, that cut off the blood supply to the arteries of the heart.
Inflammation is responsible for bursting these plaques.
Heart disease -- Inflammation is a cornerstone behind heart disease and strokes. A few years
ago, most regarded heart disease as an accumulation of cholesterol deposits on the walls of the
coronary arteries. We now know that these cholesterol deposits trigger free radical damage leading
to chronic inflammation at the site of these arterial blockages.
As the chronic inflammation builds these plaques push the walls of the artery outward, and
eventually these plaques become unstable and potentially rupturing, leading to a clot
producing a heart attack (in the heart) or a stroke (in the brain), or sudden death.
Inflammation may be a bigger risk of heart attack or stroke
than smoking or high cholesterol, according to many researchers.
(2) Dr. Peter Libby -- Chief of Cardiology at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, notes
that the ruptured plaques, not clogged arteries are the cause of 70% of all heart attacks.
This means that by the time you see the first narrowing in the artery, the chronic
inflammation and disease is everywhere. This explains why patients keep coming back with
repeat heart attacks and other problems after they've been treated.
CRP (C - reactive protein) a simple blood test, measures the index of inflammation in
the arteries and as inflammation increases, the CRP increases. (Normal CRP = .2).
Middle age men with CRP >3, were 3X more likely to suffer a heart attack in the next
6 years, than men with normal levels. Experts say that a CRP of 3.0 mg/L or higher,
triples your heart attack risk. People with CRP < 0.5 mg/L rarely have heart attacks.
Dr. Steve Nissen -- chairman of Cardiology at Cleveland Clinic, points out that you can
bypass the arteries, but if you don't stop the disease from progressing, the plaque will
continue to build up elsewhere over time. One must stop the inflammation.
He further reports that the same drugs that we use to lower CRP are the same statin drugs
we used to lower cholesterol. He points out that we thought the statin drugs were just
lowering cholesterol, but we now know that the more you lower the CRP, the more you
reduce inflammation and the lower risk of death, heart attack and stroke. Dr. Libby
points out that we have transition from being plumbers to becoming better biologist, which
opens up a window on the future in terms of prevention and care.
Vaughn Johnson D.O. a family physician in SLC, UT. Did a simple study of 47 patients
with elevated C- Reactive Protein. He placed them on 2 oz. once / day of the ORIGINAL
Mangosteen juice. Not other interventions or changes were made.
1 month later 39 patientsreturned (8 didn’t). EACH patient’s elevated CRP decreased, many to normal levels!
The following table lists typical results.
Sample # Initial 30 Days
1 55.0 2.7
2 26.0 1.3
3 12.6 1.8
4 8.4 2.2
5 6.8 1.1
Comments: The above 5 samples were selected because after of the test month all of
these individuals stopped taking Original Mangosteen & took other Mangosteen products.
All five returned to their initial high risk CRP levels after using the other Mangosteen
products usually containing extracts. Dr. Johnson then put each of these patients back on
Original Mangosteen juice and all of the CRP numbers came back down.
Dr. Johnson concluded that all mangosteen supplements are not created equal.
White Blood Count (WBC) – (a routine blood test) when elevated is also linked
to increased inflammation in the arteries resulting in a higher risk of heart disease.
In the Women’s Health Initiative with over 72 thousand postmenopausal women ages 50 – 79,
the highest WBC counts correlated with a 40% higher risk of heart attack, 46% greater
risk of stroke, and 50% risk of death over the 6 year study. Women may be more at risk
than men. Women over age 50 have a 50% risk of dying from heart disease.
Most people - have inflammation in their arteries!
Because there are no symptoms such as pain, we’re not prompted
to do anything about this “silent disease”. Medical personnel often don’t check
preventively and wait until you come in with a heart attack or stroke.
Consider having a CRP blood test drawn BEFORE starting on Mangosteen juice (MJ).
By doing this, you can evaluate your individual risk of potentially silent inflammation going on in your body. Repeat the CRP in 90-120 days after using MJ.
(3) Dr. Greg Cole – UCLA - Points out that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables also helps.
He has studied curcumin from curry spice turmeric, and found it to be a Cox 2 inhibitor.
He considers it safer than “Vioxx. While drugs usually block a single action reducing its activity
dramatically. Cole says that natural anti-inflammatories modify a broader range of inflammatory
compounds. He notes that you'll get greater safety and efficacy by reducing five inflammatory
mediators by 30% than one by reducing one by 100 percent.
What Dr. Cole is saying is that natural anti-inflammatories are safer, and also very effective.
Mangosteen juice is not just for increased energy. By decreasing inflammation,
men & women can potentially reduce their risk of many chronic diseases of aging
caused by free radical damage & chronic inflammation.
EVEN IF THE OTHER SYMPTOMS DON’T GO AWAY, Mangosteen juice should be continued
to potentially prevent chronic inflammation along with their bodies own defenses.
In other words, even if you don’t immediately see or feel any difference, additional harmful
changes may be silent and happening at a cellular level so you may not feel the inflammation.
Xanthones potentially slow down the degeneration of cells until our immune system can catch up.
(Red Blood Cells take 4 MONTHS to replace new cells, so for the beneficial changes to take place,
it requires patience & time to heal the body so commit to using the juice for at least 3-4 months).
Why would anyone want to use a drug, when a food or fruit juice
can provide the same result or better?
The anti–oxidation efforts of Xanthones may take months if not years
to return the body to a NORMAL HEALTHY body - BE PATIENT !
Infants, pregnant moms, and elderly people (who hate swallowing pills) can take
Mangosteen juice. It’s exciting to have good taste, with NO side effects & NO contraindications!
The Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic market is a $50 billion market expected to rise to $108 Billion in next few years; the New York Times says it will be years before there will be a safe solution
YET WE HAVE A POTENTIAL SAFE SOLUTION NOW!
(3) Dr. Greg Cole – UCLA - Points out that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables also helps.
He has studied curcumin from curry spice turmeric, and found it to be a Cox 2 inhibitor.
He considers it safer than “Vioxx. While drugs usually block a single action reducing its activity
dramatically. Cole says that natural anti-inflammatories modify a broader range of inflammatory
compounds. He notes that you'll get greater safety and efficacy by reducing five inflammatory
mediators by 30% than one by reducing one by 100 percent.
What Dr. Cole is saying is that natural anti-inflammatories are safer, and also very effective.
Mangosteen juice is not just for increased energy. By decreasing inflammation,
men & women can potentially reduce their risk of many chronic diseases of aging
caused by free radical damage & chronic inflammation.
EVEN IF THE OTHER SYMPTOMS DON’T GO AWAY, Mangosteen juice should be continued
to potentially prevent chronic inflammation along with their bodies own defenses.
In other words, even if you don’t immediately see or feel any difference, additional harmful
changes may be silent and happening at a cellular level so you may not feel the inflammation.
Xanthones potentially slow down the degeneration of cells until our immune system can catch up.
(Red Blood Cells take 4 MONTHS to replace new cells, so for the beneficial changes to take place,
it requires patience & time to heal the body so commit to using the juice for at least 3-4 months).
Why would anyone want to use a drug, when a food or fruit juice
can provide the same result or better?
The anti–oxidation efforts of Xanthones may take months if not years
to return the body to a NORMAL HEALTHY body - BE PATIENT !
Infants, pregnant moms, and elderly people (who hate swallowing pills) can take
Mangosteen juice. It’s exciting to have good taste, with NO side effects & NO contraindications!
The Anti-inflammatory – Analgesic market is a $50 billion market expected to rise to $108 Billion in next few years; the New York Times says it will be years before there will be a safe solution
YET WE HAVE A POTENTIAL SAFE SOLUTION NOW!
Ask the person who gave you this literature about the ORIGINAL Mangosteen juice.
It combines the WHOLE FRUIT PUREE of the Mangosteen, in combination
with other natural fruit juices and no added sugar for a delicious taste.
This is unlike other brands available, which contain only parts or even just extracts.
The ORIGINAL Mangosteen juice is the only patented Mangosteen product on the market.
This juice is bottled by WILD Flavors, the #1 producer of 2,000 health beverages
in 70 countries throughout the world. WILD is the only facility in America
to have all 3 certifications; meaning the highest standardization in process, safety,
quality, manufacturing & efficacy! (Only 5 in the world have all 3 certifications).
The Xanthones from the Mangosteen have been shown in laboratory studies to be powerful antioxidants, anti - inflammatories and to have other, special properties.
However, laboratory results do not guarantee that the same will happen in the human body.
Mangosteen is a supplement and not a drug, therefore no one can say that the Mangosteen will cure, treat, or prevent any specific condition or symptom.
The U. S. government, however, has determined and stated that increasing the amount of plant based foods and supplements in our diet improves our health and decreases the incidence of chronic disease.
Look at the available science of the Mangosteen and look at the experiences of those who are already taking it. Then answer for yourself - Does Mangosteen make sense for you?"
Mangosteen Annotated Research References
(1) High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: A Novel and Promising Marker of Coronary Heart Disease
By Nader, Rifai & Paul M. Ridker Clinical Chemistry 47: 403-411, 2001 Major review of CRP in heart dis & cancer
(2) Watching: The Hidden Epidemic - Heart Disease In America – Larry King –
PBS documentary www.mymangosteen.com/pbs
(3) Quieting Body’s Defenses–Anne Underwood -Newsweek www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8271053/site/newsweek/
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH:
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by -mangostin,
a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells
Keigo Nakatania, Norimichi Nakahatab, Tsutomu Arakawac, Hideyuki Yasudac and Yasushi Ohizumia
Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Jan 1; 63(1):73-9.
The fruit hull of mangosteen fruit, Garcinia mangostana L., has been used for many years as a medicine to
treat skin infection, wounds, & diarrhea in SE Asia. They studied the effect of gamma-mangostin, a xanthone,
showing it had Cox 2 inhibition & potent inhibitory activity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release.
Inhibitions of histamine release & prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen,
a Thai medicinal plant. Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, Oosawa K, Shimura S, Nakahata N,
Ohizumi Y. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Sep; 25(9):1137-41.
The investigators found the mangosteen fruit extract strongly inhibited histamine release and
prostaglandin E2 synthesis. This has great importance in preventing allergies.
Histaminergic and serotonergic receptor blocking substances from the medicinal plant
Garcinia mangostana. Chairungsrilerd N, Furukawa K, Ohta T, Nozoe S, Ohizumi Y.
Planta Med. 1996 Oct; 62(5):471-2.
They determined that alpha & gamma-mangostin are a histaminergic & a serotonergic receptor blocking
agent, respectively. That is, they have the ability to prevent allergies and inflammation.
CANCER AND HEMATOLOGY (BLOOD) DISORDERS:
Garcinone E, xanthone derivative, has potent cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular
carcinoma cell line. Ho CK, Huang YL, Chen CC.; Planta Med. 68 (11): 975 -9, 2002
The investigators tested 6 xanthones from the fruit Garcinia mangostana on 14 different human liver
cancer cells & cancer cells of the lung & stomach. They found Garcinone E had greater tumor killing
action than usual chemotherapeutic agents (Metotrexate, Vincristine, 5-FU, Cisplatinum, Mitoxantrone) &
less than Taxol. QUOTE: “Unlike other anti-cancer drugs such as Metotrexate and Vincristine, the cytotoxic
effect of Garcinone E does not vary greatly among different cancer cell lines and could achieve total killing of
the target cells… Garcinone E should be a more effective drug than Metotrexate, Vincristine, 5-FU &
Cisplatinum, suggesting that it is potentially more effective than some of the commercially available antineoplastic
agents presently in use.”
Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on
SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line
P. Moongkarndi , N. Kosema, S. Kaslungkab, O. Luanratanac, N. Pongpanc and N. Neungtond
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 90, Issue 1, Jan. 2004, Pgs 161-166
They found that an extract from Mangosteen fruit inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.
They also showed that the extract had potent antioxidant and cancer cell death properties
Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines.
Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Kobayashi E, Ohguchi K, Ito T, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y.
J Nat Prod. 2003 Aug; 66(8):1124-7.
They examined the effects of six xanthones Garcinia mangostana, on the cell growth inhibition of human leukemia cell
line HL60. Alpha-mangostin showed the most potent ability to cause the cancer cells death.
Alpha-mangostin induces Ca (2+)-ATPase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in PC12 cells.
Sato A, Fujiwara H, Oku H, Ishiguro K, Ohizumi Y J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 May; 95(1):33-40.. ,
Alpha-mangostin had the most potent effect with apoptosis (death) of pheochromocytoma (cancer) cells.
Mangosteen Annotated Research References, Continued
Xanthones as inhibitors of growth of human cancer cell lines and their effects on the
proliferation of human lymphocytes in vitro. Pedro M, Cerqueira F, Sousa ME,
Nascimento MS, Pinto M Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Dec; 10(12):3725-30.
Inhibition research of in-vitro growth of 3 human cancer cell lines (breast cancer, kidney
cancer, melanoma).
Antiplatelets activity of some xanthone derivatives.
Rajtar G, Zolkowska D, Kleinrok Z, Marona H. Acta Pol Pharm. 1999 Jul-Aug; 56(4):319-24.
Researchers studied the effects of twelve xanthone derived compounds on platelet aggregation.
They found five of them inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (inhibited clot formation).
HEART DISEASE, CHOLESTEROL, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIABETIC RESEARCH:
Inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation by prenylated xanthones derived from mangostin.
Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J, Taylor W, Croft K. Free Radic Res. 2000 Nov;33(5):643-59.
It combines the WHOLE FRUIT PUREE of the Mangosteen, in combination
with other natural fruit juices and no added sugar for a delicious taste.
This is unlike other brands available, which contain only parts or even just extracts.
The ORIGINAL Mangosteen juice is the only patented Mangosteen product on the market.
This juice is bottled by WILD Flavors, the #1 producer of 2,000 health beverages
in 70 countries throughout the world. WILD is the only facility in America
to have all 3 certifications; meaning the highest standardization in process, safety,
quality, manufacturing & efficacy! (Only 5 in the world have all 3 certifications).
The Xanthones from the Mangosteen have been shown in laboratory studies to be powerful antioxidants, anti - inflammatories and to have other, special properties.
However, laboratory results do not guarantee that the same will happen in the human body.
Mangosteen is a supplement and not a drug, therefore no one can say that the Mangosteen will cure, treat, or prevent any specific condition or symptom.
The U. S. government, however, has determined and stated that increasing the amount of plant based foods and supplements in our diet improves our health and decreases the incidence of chronic disease.
Look at the available science of the Mangosteen and look at the experiences of those who are already taking it. Then answer for yourself - Does Mangosteen make sense for you?"
Mangosteen Annotated Research References
(1) High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein: A Novel and Promising Marker of Coronary Heart Disease
By Nader, Rifai & Paul M. Ridker Clinical Chemistry 47: 403-411, 2001 Major review of CRP in heart dis & cancer
(2) Watching: The Hidden Epidemic - Heart Disease In America – Larry King –
PBS documentary www.mymangosteen.com/pbs
(3) Quieting Body’s Defenses–Anne Underwood -Newsweek www.msnbc.msn.com/id/8271053/site/newsweek/
INFLAMMATION RESEARCH:
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and prostaglandin E2 synthesis by -mangostin,
a xanthone derivative in mangosteen, in C6 rat glioma cells
Keigo Nakatania, Norimichi Nakahatab, Tsutomu Arakawac, Hideyuki Yasudac and Yasushi Ohizumia
Biochem Pharmacol. 2002 Jan 1; 63(1):73-9.
The fruit hull of mangosteen fruit, Garcinia mangostana L., has been used for many years as a medicine to
treat skin infection, wounds, & diarrhea in SE Asia. They studied the effect of gamma-mangostin, a xanthone,
showing it had Cox 2 inhibition & potent inhibitory activity of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release.
Inhibitions of histamine release & prostaglandin E2 synthesis by mangosteen,
a Thai medicinal plant. Nakatani K, Atsumi M, Arakawa T, Oosawa K, Shimura S, Nakahata N,
Ohizumi Y. Biol Pharm Bull. 2002 Sep; 25(9):1137-41.
The investigators found the mangosteen fruit extract strongly inhibited histamine release and
prostaglandin E2 synthesis. This has great importance in preventing allergies.
Histaminergic and serotonergic receptor blocking substances from the medicinal plant
Garcinia mangostana. Chairungsrilerd N, Furukawa K, Ohta T, Nozoe S, Ohizumi Y.
Planta Med. 1996 Oct; 62(5):471-2.
They determined that alpha & gamma-mangostin are a histaminergic & a serotonergic receptor blocking
agent, respectively. That is, they have the ability to prevent allergies and inflammation.
CANCER AND HEMATOLOGY (BLOOD) DISORDERS:
Garcinone E, xanthone derivative, has potent cytotoxic effect against hepatocellular
carcinoma cell line. Ho CK, Huang YL, Chen CC.; Planta Med. 68 (11): 975 -9, 2002
The investigators tested 6 xanthones from the fruit Garcinia mangostana on 14 different human liver
cancer cells & cancer cells of the lung & stomach. They found Garcinone E had greater tumor killing
action than usual chemotherapeutic agents (Metotrexate, Vincristine, 5-FU, Cisplatinum, Mitoxantrone) &
less than Taxol. QUOTE: “Unlike other anti-cancer drugs such as Metotrexate and Vincristine, the cytotoxic
effect of Garcinone E does not vary greatly among different cancer cell lines and could achieve total killing of
the target cells… Garcinone E should be a more effective drug than Metotrexate, Vincristine, 5-FU &
Cisplatinum, suggesting that it is potentially more effective than some of the commercially available antineoplastic
agents presently in use.”
Antiproliferation, antioxidation and induction of apoptosis by Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen) on
SKBR3 human breast cancer cell line
P. Moongkarndi , N. Kosema, S. Kaslungkab, O. Luanratanac, N. Pongpanc and N. Neungtond
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Volume 90, Issue 1, Jan. 2004, Pgs 161-166
They found that an extract from Mangosteen fruit inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells.
They also showed that the extract had potent antioxidant and cancer cell death properties
Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines.
Matsumoto K, Akao Y, Kobayashi E, Ohguchi K, Ito T, Tanaka T, Iinuma M, Nozawa Y.
J Nat Prod. 2003 Aug; 66(8):1124-7.
They examined the effects of six xanthones Garcinia mangostana, on the cell growth inhibition of human leukemia cell
line HL60. Alpha-mangostin showed the most potent ability to cause the cancer cells death.
Alpha-mangostin induces Ca (2+)-ATPase-dependent apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in PC12 cells.
Sato A, Fujiwara H, Oku H, Ishiguro K, Ohizumi Y J Pharmacol Sci. 2004 May; 95(1):33-40.. ,
Alpha-mangostin had the most potent effect with apoptosis (death) of pheochromocytoma (cancer) cells.
Mangosteen Annotated Research References, Continued
Xanthones as inhibitors of growth of human cancer cell lines and their effects on the
proliferation of human lymphocytes in vitro. Pedro M, Cerqueira F, Sousa ME,
Nascimento MS, Pinto M Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Dec; 10(12):3725-30.
Inhibition research of in-vitro growth of 3 human cancer cell lines (breast cancer, kidney
cancer, melanoma).
Antiplatelets activity of some xanthone derivatives.
Rajtar G, Zolkowska D, Kleinrok Z, Marona H. Acta Pol Pharm. 1999 Jul-Aug; 56(4):319-24.
Researchers studied the effects of twelve xanthone derived compounds on platelet aggregation.
They found five of them inhibited thrombin-induced platelet aggregation (inhibited clot formation).
HEART DISEASE, CHOLESTEROL, HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE AND DIABETIC RESEARCH:
Inhibition of lipoprotein oxidation by prenylated xanthones derived from mangostin.
Mahabusarakam W, Proudfoot J, Taylor W, Croft K. Free Radic Res. 2000 Nov;33(5):643-59.
Oxidative damage plays a critical role in cardiovascular & other chronic diseases. They have previously
shown that the xanthone, mangostin can inhibit the oxidation of LDL, low density lipoprotein (bad
cholesterol). Researchers studied more xanthone derived compounds & found enhanced antioxidant
activities. Note: If the oxidation of LDL cholesterol can be prevented or inhibited,
then the LDL-cholesterol cannot exert its "bad" effect and cause heart disease.
Mangostin inhibits the oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein. Williams
P, Ongsakul M, Proudfoot J, Croft K, Beilin L. Free Radic Res. 1995 Aug; 23(2):175-84.
They concluded that mangostin is acting as a free radical scavenger ("mop up" sponge)
to protect the LDL from oxidative damage in this in vitro system. In other words, a potent antioxidant.
Relationship between protective effect of xanthone on endothelial cells and endogenous
nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Jiang DJ, Hu GY, Jiang JL, Xiang HL, Deng HW,
Li YJ Bioorg Med Chem. 2003 Nov 17;11(23):5171-7
Xanthone preserved endothelial cells inhibited the increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells
induced by oxidized LDL. Key in preventing plaque formation, subsequent blockage of arteries, heart disease.
Antihypertensive and vasorelaxing activities of synthetic xanthone derivatives.
Wang LW, Kang JJ, Chen IJ, Teng CM, Lin CN. Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Mar; 10(3):567-72.
All compounds tested exhibited effective hypotensive (lower blood pressure) activity in anesthetized rats.
Antidiabetic activity of a xanthone compound, mangiferin.
Miura T, Ichiki H, Hashimoto I, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Kubo M, Ishihara E, Ishida T, Tanigawa
K. Suzuka Phytomedicine. 2001 Mar; 8(2):85-7.
Mangiferin, a xanthone, lowered the blood glucose (sugar) level in type II diabetic mice and
likely exerts its anti - Diabetic activity by decreasing insulin resistance
Synthesis and antithrombotic effect of xanthone derivatives.
Lin CN, Hsieh HK, Liou SJ, Ko HH, Lin HC, Chung MI, Ko FN, Liu HW, Teng CM.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 1996 Sep; 48(9):887-90.
They found several xanthone-derived compounds to possess potent antithrombotic (anticlotting) activities.
Protecting women's hearts: An interview with Mayo Clinic specialist- Excellent practical
review –approach prevention in heart disease www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=HB00040
(4) A Randomized trial of Low Dose Aspirin in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease –
Ridker, PM, Cook NR,, NEJM 2005: 352:1293 - 1304.
Mangosteen Annotated Research References – continued
shown that the xanthone, mangostin can inhibit the oxidation of LDL, low density lipoprotein (bad
cholesterol). Researchers studied more xanthone derived compounds & found enhanced antioxidant
activities. Note: If the oxidation of LDL cholesterol can be prevented or inhibited,
then the LDL-cholesterol cannot exert its "bad" effect and cause heart disease.
Mangostin inhibits the oxidative modification of human low density lipoprotein. Williams
P, Ongsakul M, Proudfoot J, Croft K, Beilin L. Free Radic Res. 1995 Aug; 23(2):175-84.
They concluded that mangostin is acting as a free radical scavenger ("mop up" sponge)
to protect the LDL from oxidative damage in this in vitro system. In other words, a potent antioxidant.
Relationship between protective effect of xanthone on endothelial cells and endogenous
nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Jiang DJ, Hu GY, Jiang JL, Xiang HL, Deng HW,
Li YJ Bioorg Med Chem. 2003 Nov 17;11(23):5171-7
Xanthone preserved endothelial cells inhibited the increased adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells
induced by oxidized LDL. Key in preventing plaque formation, subsequent blockage of arteries, heart disease.
Antihypertensive and vasorelaxing activities of synthetic xanthone derivatives.
Wang LW, Kang JJ, Chen IJ, Teng CM, Lin CN. Bioorg Med Chem. 2002 Mar; 10(3):567-72.
All compounds tested exhibited effective hypotensive (lower blood pressure) activity in anesthetized rats.
Antidiabetic activity of a xanthone compound, mangiferin.
Miura T, Ichiki H, Hashimoto I, Iwamoto N, Kato M, Kubo M, Ishihara E, Ishida T, Tanigawa
K. Suzuka Phytomedicine. 2001 Mar; 8(2):85-7.
Mangiferin, a xanthone, lowered the blood glucose (sugar) level in type II diabetic mice and
likely exerts its anti - Diabetic activity by decreasing insulin resistance
Synthesis and antithrombotic effect of xanthone derivatives.
Lin CN, Hsieh HK, Liou SJ, Ko HH, Lin HC, Chung MI, Ko FN, Liu HW, Teng CM.
J Pharm Pharmacol. 1996 Sep; 48(9):887-90.
They found several xanthone-derived compounds to possess potent antithrombotic (anticlotting) activities.
Protecting women's hearts: An interview with Mayo Clinic specialist- Excellent practical
review –approach prevention in heart disease www.mayoclinic.com/invoke.cfm?id=HB00040
(4) A Randomized trial of Low Dose Aspirin in Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease –
Ridker, PM, Cook NR,, NEJM 2005: 352:1293 - 1304.
Mangosteen Annotated Research References – continued
INFECTIONS:
Antibacterial activity of xanthones from guttiferaeous plants against
methicillin-resistant St. aureus. Iinuma M, Tosa H, Tanaka T, Asai F, Kobayashi Y,
Shimano R, Miyauchi K. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1996 Aug; 48(8):861-5.
They showed extracts of Garcinia mangostana, possessed strong inhibitor in-vitro effects against both
methicillin-resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (large cause of antibiotic resistance).
Alpha mangostin vs Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) March 2005
Dharmaratne, H.R.W. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy &
Phytopharmacology; 3/1/2005
Alpha-Mangostin, from the stem bark of Garcinia mangostana L., was found to be active against Vancomycin
resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our studies showed
synergism between [alpha]-mangostin and gentamicin, and against Vancomycin resistant Enterococci, and [alpha]-
mangostin and Vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) against MRSA, as well as partial synergism between [alpha]-
mangostin and commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin and minocycline. Antibiotic resistance is a huge
problem in healthcare throughout the world and Alpha-Mangostin has a huge potential solution.
Antimycobacterial Activity of Prenylated Xanthones from Fruits of Garcinia mangostana
S. Suksamrarn,, N. Suwannapoch, W. Phakhodee, J.Thanuhiranlert, P. Ratananukul,
N. Chimnoi, & A. Suksamrarnc Chem. Pharm. Bull. 51(7) 857—859 (2003)
Investigators found alpha- and beta-mangostins and garcinone B exhibited
Strong inhibitory effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).
Plant-derived leading compounds for chemotherapy of (HIV) infection.
Vlietinck AJ, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Pieters LA. Planta Med. 1998 Mar; 64(2):97-109.
They found the xanthone mangostin could inhibit the replication cycle of HIV (AIDS virus).
Active constituents against HIV-1 protease from Garcinia mangostana.
Chen SX, Wan M, Loh BN Planta Med. 1996 Aug; 62(4):381-2.
They found extract of Garcinia mangostana showed potent inhibitory activity against
HIV-1 protease (AIDS virus) which affects the replication of HIV.
Xanthones as antimalarial agents; studies of a possible mode of action.
Ignatushchenko MV, Winter RW, Bachinger HP, Hinrichs DJ, Riscoe MK. (Portland, Oregon)
FEBS Lett. 1997 Jun 2; 409(1):67-73.
Researchers showed potent anti - malarial activities for the xanthones studied.
BRAIN AND NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS:
Synthesis and anticonvulsant effects of some aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone.
Marona H. Pharmazie. 1998 Oct; 53(10):672-6.
Researchers studied compounds derived from xanthones for anticonvulsant (inhibited seizure) activities.
Antibacterial activity of xanthones from guttiferaeous plants against
methicillin-resistant St. aureus. Iinuma M, Tosa H, Tanaka T, Asai F, Kobayashi Y,
Shimano R, Miyauchi K. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1996 Aug; 48(8):861-5.
They showed extracts of Garcinia mangostana, possessed strong inhibitor in-vitro effects against both
methicillin-resistant and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (large cause of antibiotic resistance).
Alpha mangostin vs Vancomycin resistant Enterococci (VRE) March 2005
Dharmaratne, H.R.W. Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy &
Phytopharmacology; 3/1/2005
Alpha-Mangostin, from the stem bark of Garcinia mangostana L., was found to be active against Vancomycin
resistant Enterococci (VRE) and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Our studies showed
synergism between [alpha]-mangostin and gentamicin, and against Vancomycin resistant Enterococci, and [alpha]-
mangostin and Vancomycin hydrochloride (VCM) against MRSA, as well as partial synergism between [alpha]-
mangostin and commercially available antibiotics such as ampicillin and minocycline. Antibiotic resistance is a huge
problem in healthcare throughout the world and Alpha-Mangostin has a huge potential solution.
Antimycobacterial Activity of Prenylated Xanthones from Fruits of Garcinia mangostana
S. Suksamrarn,, N. Suwannapoch, W. Phakhodee, J.Thanuhiranlert, P. Ratananukul,
N. Chimnoi, & A. Suksamrarnc Chem. Pharm. Bull. 51(7) 857—859 (2003)
Investigators found alpha- and beta-mangostins and garcinone B exhibited
Strong inhibitory effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB).
Plant-derived leading compounds for chemotherapy of (HIV) infection.
Vlietinck AJ, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Pieters LA. Planta Med. 1998 Mar; 64(2):97-109.
They found the xanthone mangostin could inhibit the replication cycle of HIV (AIDS virus).
Active constituents against HIV-1 protease from Garcinia mangostana.
Chen SX, Wan M, Loh BN Planta Med. 1996 Aug; 62(4):381-2.
They found extract of Garcinia mangostana showed potent inhibitory activity against
HIV-1 protease (AIDS virus) which affects the replication of HIV.
Xanthones as antimalarial agents; studies of a possible mode of action.
Ignatushchenko MV, Winter RW, Bachinger HP, Hinrichs DJ, Riscoe MK. (Portland, Oregon)
FEBS Lett. 1997 Jun 2; 409(1):67-73.
Researchers showed potent anti - malarial activities for the xanthones studied.
BRAIN AND NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS:
Synthesis and anticonvulsant effects of some aminoalkanolic derivatives of xanthone.
Marona H. Pharmazie. 1998 Oct; 53(10):672-6.
Researchers studied compounds derived from xanthones for anticonvulsant (inhibited seizure) activities.
They found several xanthone derived compounds to be active in anticonvulsant tests.
Other references by doctors discussing Mangosteen and Xanthones.
Doctors Templeman & Morton are world experts on Mangosteen fruit research.
“Mangosteen – The X Factor DVD (classroom)” by Fredrick Templeman M.D. & David Morton PhD.
“Keys to Disease - Live” – CD by Robert Stone D.O.
“Mangosteen – the Gift Your Body Deserves” by J. Fredrick Templeman M.D.
“Tame the Flame - Mangosteen’s Remedy for Chronic Disease” by Sam Walters N.D.
Above books, CD, DVD’s available from * http://www.mangosteentools.com/ or phone 888-461-7090
Science of the Mangosteen & Role of Inflammation on Chronic Disease
Have you and your loved ones had your MJ today? (Mangosteen juice)
Other references by doctors discussing Mangosteen and Xanthones.
Doctors Templeman & Morton are world experts on Mangosteen fruit research.
“Mangosteen – The X Factor DVD (classroom)” by Fredrick Templeman M.D. & David Morton PhD.
“Keys to Disease - Live” – CD by Robert Stone D.O.
“Mangosteen – the Gift Your Body Deserves” by J. Fredrick Templeman M.D.
“Tame the Flame - Mangosteen’s Remedy for Chronic Disease” by Sam Walters N.D.
Above books, CD, DVD’s available from * http://www.mangosteentools.com/ or phone 888-461-7090
Science of the Mangosteen & Role of Inflammation on Chronic Disease
Have you and your loved ones had your MJ today? (Mangosteen juice)
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